Antropologi Kebudayaan

Antropologi adalah salah satu cabang ilmu sosial yang mempelajari tentang budaya masyarakat suatu etnis tertentu. Antropologi lahir atau muncul berawal dari ketertarikan orang-orang Eropa yang melihat ciri-ciri fisik, adat istiadat, budaya yang berbeda dari apa yang dikenal di Eropa.
Antropologi lebih memusatkan pada penduduk yang merupakan masyarakat tunggal, tunggal dalam arti kesatuan masyarakat yang tinggal daerah yang sama, antropologi mirip seperti sosiologi tetapi pada sosiologi lebih menitik beratkan pada masyarakat dan kehidupan sosialnya.

Antropologi budaya adalah cabang antropologi yang berpusat pada penelitian variasi kebudayaan di antara kelompok manusia. Antropologi budaya mengumpulkan data mengenai proses ekonomi dan politik global atas budaya lokal. Penelitian mereka sering dikatakan pekerjaan lapangan karena sang antropolog harus menetap untuk waktu yang cukup lama di lapangan penelitiannya.

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Soal Sejarah UMB PTN 2009

Learning Mandarin in the truly ancient Middle Kingdom is today more popular than it has ever been in China's 4000 years of history. During its many centuries China has often eclipsed other nations in many aspects. During the Tang dynasty China was at its classical pinnacle. Fantastic works of architecture and arts remain to tell the tale of an enlightened, advanced and powerful heritage. But the world then is different from the world today. At the dawn of globalization, when first the English set out to map the earth a fundamental new aspect to humanity was realized. Interconnectedness was for the most part of 300 years a polarized curse and blessing for those that were exploring and those that got explored. China was already in cultural decline when Europe reached is shores and the great nation state became another example of what can happen when people with really good guns meet people without.

Sid Meier quoted a pretty good proverb once that goes "never bring a knife to gunfight". Ian M. Banks named a novel after a sociological / anthropological concept know as excession; when one civilization meets another that has reached a few rungs higher on the technological ladder. The results are never a treat.

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But with the rewards that came from colonial prowess for Europe a new type of light began to grow there. After the horrors of the Second World war Europe started to feel pretty bad about its exploits. The war had also brought a new spirit of cooperation. The war also changed many other things, perhaps the foremost being the beginning of the Cold War. People are slow to learn from mistake and the subsequent 40 years of Cold War was little better for many poor parts of the world than the previous 300 had been (Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Most of Africa etc. etc.) and even at the end of that war, lots of people were still getting the short end of most sticks.

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Soal Sejarah Snmptn 2008

The newest payment option available to the public is mobile banking. Now you can even use a cell phone to make financial transactions. Quite a few banks have created programs for smartphones allowing their customers to deposit checks for virtually anywhere.

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All a user has to do is snap a picture of the check's front and back, enter the amount and send it to their bank or credit union.
There may be a final chapter in the story of checks around the world, but for the near future they will remain an option for everyone.

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Soal Sejarah Snmptn 2009

In 2004, lawmakers in Washington D.C. passed the Check Clearing Act for the 21st Century also known as Check 21. Check 21 makes it possible for banks and businesses to use digital images of checks known as a substitute check.
Check 21 made check clearing and processing much faster and more efficient by eliminating the need for so many people to physically handle a check.
The Future of Checks:

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Checks have been a big contributor to the evolution of the financial industry for the past five centuries. Current research reveals that 67% of U.S. citizen claim to write a minimum of 10 personal checks each month.
These days, you can order personal checks online and even choose check designs that fit your personality. Options at Check Advantage include Nature Checks, Wildlife Checks and Fun and Games Checks.

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Soal Sejarah Snmptn 2010

Big changes and some serious competition came about for personal checks in the modern age.
In 1959, the MICR code was developed in the United States. Magnetic ink character recognition allowed financial institutions to read the routing and account numbers with machines. It is similar to the way a tape deck plays back audio from the magnetic tape on a cassette. By the early sixties, MICR codes were used on checks all over the U.S.

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The '50s also brought about the first charge card with the Diner's Club Card, and the first ATM or automated teller machine entered the scene in 1967.
Personal checks were being used so often in the U.S. Concerns arose in the 1960s that the volume of checks in the U.S. would be too much to control. That's when ACH or Automated Clearing House payments were developed bringing about conveniences like direct deposit.
Checks are still a large part of the.S. economy. A study in 1979 revealed that more than 85% of all non-cash retail payments were made by check. However, credit and debit card use increased through the 1980s and 1990s, and electronic payments as a whole outnumbered check payments for the first time in 2001 (according to the Federal Reserve).

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Soal Sejarah Simak UI 2009

You can expect the use of checks to remain a reliable payment option because of the impact they've had on the history of the world.
The Emergence of the Paper Check:
The earliest forms of checks can be traced back to the beginning of the banking system itself. It's believed that the people of the Ancient Roman Empire were the first to use what could be considered a paper check. Other cultures had their own versions of checks.

During the 3rd Century A.D. the Persian Empire used letters of credit known as chak. The word is referred to in a number of Arabic documents. Muslim traders used a version of a check system in the 9th century and the Knights of Templar introduced another version of checks used by Christian pilgrims taking journeys to the Holy Land or across Europe between the years 1118 and 1307.
All of these check systems allowed merchants and travelers the ability to transfer large sums of money without carrying gold and silver coins with them. It is believed the first nation to widely use checks as a form of payment instead of a means of transferring funds was Holland in the late 1500s. The use of checks spread across Europe from there.

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The Paper Check Get Personal:
England began replacing handwritten checks (or cheques as they are called in the U.K.) with printed paper forms.
In 1811, the Commercial Bank of Scotland was the first to make personal checks with an account holder's name printed on the forms. Soon after - the Bank of England started binding and stitching checks together in sets of 50, 100 and 200 creating the first checkbooks.

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